Je suis navré pour toi Will. Courage l'ami.
Pour éclairer :
L'administration pharmacologique de stéroïdes anabolisants à des hommes et des femmes augmente le glucose, les concentrations d'insuline et également résistance à l'insuline.Dans quelques études, la résistance accrue à l'insuline a été associée à une diminution des niveaux de SHBG.
Récemment, l'attention a porté sur le rôle des hormones sexuelles par rapport à l'insuline chez les hommes. Étonnamment, les niveaux élevés de testostérone ont été associés à l'amélioration des facteurs de risques cardiovasculaires (comme lipoprotéines de haute densité cholestérol) et les niveaux de glucose et d'insuline inférieures à la normale. La testostérone totale et le SHBG ont été associées à des défauts dans l'élimination du glucose non oxydatif et de l'adiposité corporelle supérieure chez les hommes à glycémie normale (étude finlandaise de 1995). Cette dernière observation est d'intérêt car des défauts spécifiques à l'élimination non oxydative du glucose sont observées dans les sujets normoglycémiques atteints de DNID (diabète non insulino-dépendant). La relation temporelle entre les hormones sexuelles et l'insuline a été controversée par compte chez...la femme (des études montrant que l'insuline stimule la production d'androgènes dans l'ovaire)!!!
Des données récentes [JCEM 1995; 80: 654-658] suggèrent que l'insuline stimule la production de testostérone et supprime la production de SHBG chez les hommes obèses. D'autre part, l'administration de testostérone chez des obèses d'âge moyen pour hypogonadisme a amélioré la sensibilité à l'insuline....
Attention je parle bien des aas mais PAS de la testostérone.Les17-alkylés, sont, en effet, potentiellement dangereux pour le foie,sur l'action de l'insuline pour le métabolisme des lipides.En effet les preuves actuelles, en fait, suggère fortement que la testostérone peut avoir un effet cardioprotecteur. Il n'y a pratiquement pas de preuves que la testostérone soit une cause de cancer de la prostate. Il peut exacerber un cancer de la prostate existant, bien que la preuve est fragile, mais il ne provoque pas de chances de cancer en premier lieu. La testostérone a des effets stimulants sur les os, les muscles, l'érythropoïétine, la libido, l'humeur, la cognition dans le cerveau, l'érection du pénis... Elle est réduite dans le syndrome métabolique et le diabète. Le traitement par la testostérone dans ces conditions peut fournir une amélioration en abaissant le cholestérol LDL, la glycémie, l'hémoglobine glyquée et la résistance à l'insuline. Diverses études montrent de tels effets pour la valeureuse testostérone!!!
Les études :
- Abs R, Verhelst J, Maeyaert J, et al. Endocrine consequences of long-term intrathecal administration of opioids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:2215–22. [PubMed]
- Adler RA. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of osteoporosis in men. Curr Osteoporosis Rep. 2006;4:110–15. [PubMed]
- Alberti KGMM. Conclusions from the 2004 IDF Consensus on the Metabolic Syndrome Presented at the 1st International Congress on “prediabetes” and the Metabolic Syndrome. Epidemiology, Management and Prevention of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Berlin, Germany. 2005 2005 Apr 12;
- Araujo AB, O’Donnell AB, Brambilla DJ, et al. Prevalence and incidence of androgen deficiency in middle-aged and older men: estimates from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:5920–6. [PubMed]
- Azad N, Pitale S, Barnes WE, et al. Testosterone treatment enhances regional brain perfusion in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:3064–8. [PubMed]
- Bain J, Brock GE, Kuzmarov I, for the International Consulting Group Canadian Society for the Study of the Aging Male: Response to Health Canada’s position paper on testosterone treatment. J Sex Med. 2007;4:558. [PubMed]
- Barrett-Connor E, Khan KT, Yen SS. Endogenous sex hormone levels in older adult men with diabetes mellitus. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;132:895–901. [PubMed]
- Barrett-Connor E. Lower endogenous androgen levels and dyslipidemia in men with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:807–11. [PubMed]
- Barrett-Connor E, Von Mühlen DG, Kritz-Silverstein D. Bioavailable testosterone and depressed mood in older men: The Rancho Bernardo study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:573–7. [PubMed]
- Betancourt-Albrecht M, Cunningham GR. Hypogonadism and diabetes. Int J Impot Res. 2003;15(Suppl 4):514–20. [PubMed]
- Bhatia V, Chaudhuri A, Tomar R, et al. Low testosterone and high C-reactive protein concentrations predict low hematocrit in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1–6. [PubMed]
- Brambilla F, Sacchetti E, Brunetta M. Pituitary-gonadal function in heroin addicts. Neuropsychobiology. 1977;3:160–6. [PubMed]
- Carson CC, Lue TF. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. BJU Int. 2005;96:257–80. [PubMed]
- Chongthammakun S, Terasawa E. Negative feedback effects of estrogen on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release occur in pubertal, but not prepubertal ovarjectomized female rhesus monkeys. Endocrinology. 1993;132:735–43. [PubMed]
- Cutolo M, Balleari E, Giusti M, et al. Androgen replacement therapy in male patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34:1–5. [PubMed]
- Cutolo M. Sex hormone adjuvant therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2000;26:881–95. [PubMed]
- Cutolo M, Seriolo B, Villaggio B, et al. Androgens and estrogens modulate the immune and inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2002;966:131–42. [PubMed]
- Daniell HW. Hypogonadism in men consuming sustained-action oral opioids. J Pain. 2002;3:377–84. [PubMed]
- Daniell HW. Opioid-induced androgen deficiency. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2006;13:262–6.
- Davey RA, Morris HA. Effects of estradiol and dihydrotestosterone on ostsoblast gene expression in osteopenic ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Metab. 2005;23:212–18. [PubMed]
- Davis SR, McCloud P, Strauss BJ, et al. Testosterone enhances estradiol’s effect on postmenopausal bone density and sexuality. Maturitas. 1995;21:227–36. [PubMed]
- Davis S, Walker K, Strauss B. Effects of estradiol with and without testosterone on body composition and relationships with lipids in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2000;7:395–401. [PubMed]
- Dhindsa S, Prabhakar S, Sethi M, et al. Frequent occurrence of hypogonadatropic hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:5462–8. [PubMed]
- Dobs AS, Dempsey M, Ladenson P. Endocrine disorders in men infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Med. 1988;84:611–16. [PubMed]
- Dobs AS, Bachorik PS, Arver S, et al. Interrelationships among lipoprotein levels, sex hormones, anthropometric parameters, and age in hypogonadal men treated for 1 year with a permeation-enhanced testosterone transdermal system. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:1026–33. [PubMed]
- Dunajska K, Milewicz A, Szymczak J, et al. Evaluation of sex hormone levels and some metabolic factors in men with coronary atherosclerosis. Aging Male. 2004;7:197–204. [PubMed]
- Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet. 2005;365:1415–28. [PubMed]
- Emadi-Konjin P, Bain J, Bromberg IL. Evaluation of an algorithm for calculation of serum “Bioavailable” Testosterone (BAT) Clinical Biochemistry. 2003;36:591–6. [PubMed]
- Ergun-Longmire B, Auchus R, Papari-Zareei M, et al. Two novel mutations found in a patient with 17 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:4179–82. [PubMed]
- Feldman HA, Longcope C, Derby CA, et al. Age trends in the level of serum testosterone and other hormones in middle-aged men: Longitudinal results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:589–98. [PubMed]
- Feneley Mr, Carruthers ME. Androgens, the prostate and safety of testosterone treatment. Aging Male. 2006;9:4–Abs 9.
- Finch PM, Roberts LJ, Price L, et al. Hypogonadism in patients treated with inrathecal morphine. Clin J Pain. 2000;16:251–4. [PubMed]
- Fink HA, Ewing SK, Ensrud KE, et al. Association of testosterone and estradiol deificiency with osteoporosis and rapid bone loss in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:3908–15. [PubMed]
- Greenlee MW. Human cortical areas underlying the perception of optic flow:brain imaging studies. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2000;44:269–92. [PubMed]
- Grinspoon S, Corcoran C, Stanley T, et al. Effects of hypogonadism and testosterone administration on depression indices in HIV-infected men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:60–5. [PubMed]
- Haffner SM, Shaten J, Stern MP, et al. Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone predict the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in men. MRFIT Research Group. Multiple Risk Factors Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143:889–97. [PubMed]
- Hall RC, Hall RC. Abuse of supraphysiologic doses of anabolic steroids. South Med J. 2005:98-550-5. [PubMed]
- Hall GM, Larbre JP, Spector TD, et al. A randomized trial of testosterone therapy in males with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol. 1996;35:568–73. [PubMed]
- Harman SM, Metter EJ, Tobin JD, et al. Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. Baltmore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:724–31. [PubMed]
- Hughes IA, Deeb A. Androgen resistance. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;20:577–98. [PubMed]
- Jimenez-Balderas FJ, Tapia-Serrano R, Fonseca ME, et al. High frequency of rheumatic/autoimmune diseases and untreated male hypogonadism with severe testicular dysfunction. Arthritis Res. 2001;3:362–7. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
- Kalinchenko SY, Kozlov GI, Gontcharov NP, et al. Oral testosterone undecanoate reverses erectile dysfunction associated with diabetes mellitus in patients failing on sildenafil therapy alone. Aging Male. 2003;6:94–9. [PubMed]
- Kapoor D, Goodwin E, Channer KS, et al. Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;154:899–906. [PubMed]
- Katznelson L, Finkelstein JS, Schoenfeld DA, et al. Increase in bone density and lean body mass during testosterone administration in men with acquired hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:4358–65. [PubMed]
- Kaufman JM, Vermeulen A. The decline of androgen levels in elderly men and its clinical and therapeutic implications. Endo Rev. 2005;26:833–76. [PubMed]
- Kopera H. Side-effects of anabolic steroids and contraindications. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1993;143:399–400. [PubMed]
- Kupelian V, Page ST, Araujo AB, et al. Low sex hormone-binding globulin, total testosterone, and symptomatic androgen deficiency are associated with development of the metabolic syndrome in non-obese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:843–50. [PubMed]
- Lamberts SW, van den Beld AW, van der Lely AJ. The endocrinology of aging. Science. 1997;278:419–24. [PubMed]
- MacLaughlin DT, Donahue PK. Review Article, Mechanisms of Disease. Sex determination and differentiation. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:367–78. [PubMed]
- McIntyre RS, Mancini D, Eisfeld BS, et al. Calculated bioavailable testosterone levels and depression in middle-aged men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2006;31:1029–35. [PubMed]
- Mills TM, Wiedmeier VT, Stopper VS. Androgen maintenance of erectile function in the rat penis. Biol Reprod. 1992;46:342–8. [PubMed]
- Moffat SD, Zonderman AB, Metter EJ, et al. Longitudinal assessment of serum free testosterone concentration predicts memory performance and cognitive status in elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:5001–7. [PubMed]
- Moffat SD, Zonderman AB, Metter EJ, et al. Free testosterone and risk for Alzheimer disease in older men. Neurology. 2004;62:188–93. [PubMed]
- Morelli A, Filippi S, Zhang XH, et al. Peripheral regulatory mechanisms in erection. Int J Androl. 2005;28(Suppl 2):23–7. [PubMed]
- Morley JE, Perry HM. Androgen treatment of male hypogonadism in older males. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2003;85:367–73. [PubMed]
- Muller M, Grobbee DE, den Tonkelaar I, et al. Endogenous sex hormones and metabolic syndrome in aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:2618–23. [PubMed]
- Page ST, Amory JK, Bowman FD, et al. Exogenous testosterone (T) alone or with finasteride increases physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low serum T. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:1502–10. [PubMed]
- Page ST, Plymate SR, Bremner WJ, et al. Effect of medical castration on CD4 + CD25+T cells, CD8+T cell IFN-gamma expression, and NK cells: a physiological role for testosterone and/or its metabolites. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;290:E856–63. [PubMed]
- Paoletti AM, Congia S, Lello S, et al. Low androgenization index in elderly women and elderly men with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 2004;62:301–3. [PubMed]
- Phillips GB, Pinkernell Bh, Jing T-Y. The association of hypotestosteronemia with coronary artery disease in men. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:701–6. [PubMed]
- Phillips G. Is atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease an endocrinological disorder? The estrogen-androgen paradox. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:2706–11. [PubMed]
- Pitteloud N, Hardin M, Dwyer A, et al. Increasing insulin resistance is associated with a decrease in Leydig cell testosterone secretion in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:2636–41. [PubMed]
- Pope HG, Cohane GH, Kanayama G, et al. Testosterone gel supplementation for men with refractory depression: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:105–11. [PubMed]
- Purohit V, Singh HH, Ahluwalia BS. Failure of methadone-treated human testes to respond to the stimulatory effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin on testosterone biosynthesis in vitro. J Endocr. 1978;78:299–300. [PubMed]
- Rabkin JG, Wagner G, Rabkin R. Testosterone therapy for HIV+ men with and without hypogonadism. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999;19:19–27. [PubMed]
- Rabkin JG, Wagner GJ, Rabkin R. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of testosterone therapy for HIV-positive men with hypogonadal symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:141–7. [PubMed]
- Rabkin JG, Wagner GJ, McElhiney MC, et al. Testosterone versus fluoxetine for depression and fatigue in HIV/AIDS. A placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004;24:379–85. [PubMed]
- Rosenthal BD, May NR, Metro MJ, et al. Adjunctive use of AndroGel (testosterone gel) with sildenafil to treat erectile dysfunction in men with acquired androgen deficiency syndrome after failure using sildenafil alone. Urology. 2006;67:571–4. [PubMed]
- Seeman E. Osteoporosis in men. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. 1997;11:613–29. [PubMed]
- Seidman SN, Araujo AB, Roose SP, et al. Low testosterone levels in elderly men with dysthymic disorder. Am J Psychiat. 2002;159:456–9. [PubMed]
- Shahidi NT. Androgens and erythropoiesis. N Engl J Med. 1973;289:72–80. [PubMed]
- Sherwin BB, Gelfand M. The role of androgen in the maintenance of sexual functioning in oophorectomized women. Psychosom Med. 1987;49:397–409. [PubMed]
- Simon J, Braunstein G, Nachtigall L, et al. Testosterone patch increases sexual activity and desire in surgically menopause women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:5226–33. [PubMed]
- Sinha-Hikim I, Cornford M, Gaytan H, et al. Effects of testosterone supplementation on skeletal muscle fibre hypertrophy and satellite cells in community – dwelling older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:3024–33. [PubMed]
- Smith MR, Finkelstein JS, McGovern FJ, et al. Changes in body composition during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:599–603. [PubMed]
- Smith GD, Ben-Shlomo Y, Beswick A, et al. Cortisol, testosterone and coronary heart disease. Prospective evidence from the Caerphilly Study. Circulation. 2005;112:332–40. [PubMed]
- Stafford L, Bleasel J, Giles A, et al. Androgen deficiency and bone mineral density in men with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:2786–90. [PubMed]
- Szulc P, Claustrat B, Marchand F, et al. Increased risk of falls and increased bone resorption in elderly men with partial androgen deficiency: the MINOS study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:5240–7. [PubMed]
- Tan RS, Pu SJ. A pilot study on the effects of testosterone in hypogonadal aging male patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Aging Male. 2003;6:13–17. [PubMed]
- Tengstrand B, Carlstrom K, Hafstrom I. Bioavailable testosterone in men with rheumatoid arthritis – high frequency of hypogonadism. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002;41:285–9. [PubMed]
- Tivesten A, Moverare-Skrtic S, Chagin A, et al. Additive protective effects of estrogen and androgen treatment on trabecular bone in ovariectomized rats. Bone Miner Res. 2004;19:1833–9. [PubMed]
- Töhönen V, Ritzen EM, Nordqvist K, et al. Male sex determination and prenatal differentiation of the testis. In: Söder O, editor. The developing testis physiology and pathophysiology. Karger, Basel; 2003. pp. 1–23. [PubMed]
- Tremblay R. Measurement of testosterone. In: Bain J, editor. Mechanisms in andropause. Toronto: Mechanisms in Medicine Inc; 2003. pp. 42–8.
- Tsai EC, Matsumoto AM, Fujimoto WY, et al. Association of bioavailable, free, and total testosterone with insulin resistance: influence of sex hormone-binding globulin and body fat. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:861–8. [PubMed]
- van den Beld AW, de Jong FH, Grobbee DE, et al. Measures of bioavailable serum testosterone and estradiol and their relationship with muscle strength, bone density, and body composition in elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:3276–82. [PubMed]
- Vermeulen A, Verdonck L, Kaufman JM. A critical evaluation of simple methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:3666–72. [PubMed]
- Wake DJ, Strand M, Rask E, et al. Intra-adipose sex steroid metabolism and body fat distribrution in idiopathic human obesity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007;66:440–6. [PubMed]
- Wang C, Alexander G, Berman N, et al. Testosterone replacement therapy improves mood in hypogonadal men: a clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:3578–83. [PubMed]
- Wang C, Swerdloff RS, Iranmanesh A, et al. Transdermal testosterone gell improves sexual function, mood, muscle strength and body composition parameters in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:2839–53. [PubMed]
- Wang C, Cunningham G, Dobs A, et al. Long-term testosterone gel (Androgel) treatment maintains beneficial effects on sexual function and mood, lean and fat mass and bone mineral density in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2085–98. [PubMed]
- Webb CM, McNeill JG, Hayward CS, et al. Effects of testosterone on coronary vasomotor regulation in men with coronary heart disease. Circulation. 1999;100:1690–6. [PubMed]
- Whitsel EA, Boyko EJ, Matasumoto AM, et al. Intramuscular testosterone esters and plasma lipids in hypogonadal men: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2001;111:261–9. [PubMed]
- Zgliczynski S, Ossowski M, Slowinska-Srzednicka J, et al. Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on lipids and lipoproteins in hypogonadal and elderly men. Atherosclerosis. 1996;121:35–43. [PubMed]
Ma préférée qui regroupe toutes les études :
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686330/
Encore :
Une étude a montré que l'injection de nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin) a augmenté l'élimination du glucose et réduit les niveaux d'insuline lorsqu'il est administré à 300 mg par semaine, ce qui aiderait les patients atteints de diabète (étude Friedl, KE, et al.) L'administration de doses pharmacologiques de testostérone n'a pas été associée à une augmentation de la sécrétion d'insuline ou à la tolérance entravée au glucose (étude : J Endocrinol Metab Clin (1989) mai 68 (5): 971-975).
Les a 19-nortestostérone augmentent l'absorption du glucose des insulino-indépendant (étude : J Endocrinol Metab Clin (1996) 81 (4): de 1582 à 1585).
Cette étude et d'autres études ainsi affirment que les 17-alpha alkylés orales, telles que oxymétholone (Anadrol-50), oxandrolone (Oxandrin) et stanozolol (Winstrol) favorisent la résistance à l'insuline en raison de leur effet sur métabolisme du foie ce qui pourrait causer le diabète après un usage prolongé (étude : Woodard, TL et al). L'intolérance au glucose et la résistance à l'insuline dans l'anémie aplasique (atteinte de la moelle osseuse) est traitée avec... l'oxymetholone (étude : J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1981) 53 (5): 905-908)...compliqué ou pas...ça traite ou ça empire suivant le syndrome!!!